He lived 1797 to 1875. Wind, water, pressure, and heat forces can make mountains, riverbeds, coastlines, and other land shapes. Events observed in present explain events in past. World always has same laws {uniformitarianism}.
He lived 1857 to 1936, studied seisomology, and discovered [1909] discontinuity at crust and mantle {Mohorovicic Discontinuity, Mohorovicic}.
He lived 1890 to 1965, did first radiometric rock dating [1911], and championed continental drift and plate spreading.
He lived 1880 to 1930 and developed continental-drift theory [1912 to 1928].
He lived 1879 to 1958. Earth-axis variation and atmospheric insulation caused ice ages [1925].
He lived 1906 to 1969. Mantle convection caused continental drift and sea-floor spreading [1957].
He lived 1924 to 1977 and mapped ocean floor [1958].
He lived 1914 to 2006 and found radiation belts around Earth [1958].
Vine lived 1939 to ?. Matthews lived 1931 to 1997. They studied magnetic pole flipping compared to seafloor spreading [1963].
He studied sea floor spreading and earthquakes, with Jack Oliver and Bryan L. Isacks, and said that plates float [1968].
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Date Modified: 2022.0225